Victorian rugby league

Rugby is one of the biggest international sporting games in the world, and this is the case in Australia in which it is one of the three major football codes that dominate Australian sport. The origin of rugby can be traced back to times in which it was played at the eminent English public schools.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Victorian rugby league specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was introduced in Australia by Tom Wills in 1858 and since then, it has tremendously grown in terms of the number of players and those who love watching the game (ABS 2002, p.31). The game is played primarily during the winter season and the largest percentage of participants lie within the eastern states of Australia. The media plays a vital part in broadcasting the game to a wider audience across the globe; in 2009 alone the game was approximated to have attracted 128.5 million viewers (Davison Lawson 2006, p. 16). The Vi ctorian rugby league is a body in Australia that heads the rugby league sporting activities (Daly 2005, p. 68). Although this league has gained prominence in the country, it is worth noting that this was only possible after splitting from the rugby union. In addition, before 1924, the body comprised of members from other small bodies from different states which included three members from Queensland rugby league, and three from New South Wales rugby league (Davison Lawson 2006, p.17). Rugby League was started when clubs in North England separated from the rugby football union in 1895, creating the two different codes within the one sport (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 28). The separation was due to disagreement between the working class and the higher socio economic class. The Victorian rugby league gained popularity in 1907, and new codes of the game from other states were imported and embraced in the region (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 32). In 1924, the Australian rugby lea gue board of control was formed which later transformed to the Australian rugby league (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 123). The Australian rugby league is governed by a board which is made up of a partnership committee of six delegates who have the duty of administering all competitions of the league. The head of this body is appointed on a yearly basis. The league has complicated governance- comprising of representatives of the New South Wales rugby league, the Queensland rugby league, the national rugby league and the Australian rugby league. Each of these play a role of contributing ideas that are much needed to run the league (Davison Lawson 2006, p.14).Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The league aims at supporting rugby in Australia and ensuring that it achieves the maximum potential of participation (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 63). It is also aimed at bringing the people in the communities together and aims at working harmoniously as they play the sport. Rugby is a sport that is perceived to be rough and many would refrain from participating due to fear of suffering both emotionally and physically. The league aims at ensuring that the environment surrounding the game is free of harm of players. The Australia rugby league comprises of thirteen part-time clubs which take part in the sport when the season starts in March every year (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p.120)The games are played every weekend till the end of September (Davison Lawson 2006, p.14). In 2008, a total of 423,584 Australians took part in rugby league competitions (Roberts 2008, p.105). Junior registration has seen a major increase in participation. Between the years 1999 and 2008 participation among junior members has grown from 79,000 to 120,667 (Roberts 2008, p.110). In senior groups, participation levels tend to reduce in the higher age groups due to the nature of the game w hich definitely calls for more physical strength and vigor. In terms of gender, the Australian rugby league has witnessed a much higher percentage in participation from men than women. The lack of women participation in the game is due to the masculine nature of the game which puts off the female gender (Daly 2005, p. 68). Although this is the case for the grownups, it is contrary in the case of the junior teams. There are many junior women who participate in this game. This has increased the likeability of the game among females in spite of the seemingly low participation levels especially at national and international tournaments (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p.125). Finances are crucial and will always be needed towards the growth of any organization. This also applies to the Australian rugby league. Most of the financial support for this league is provided by sponsors (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p.16) For instance, it has been funded by Telstra and thereafter referred to as the n ational rugby league premiership (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 71). There are many other sponsors of the league alongside Telstra which include Toyota. Examples of other sponsors include Powerade who provide the rugby balls and AAMI who caters for the referees (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 60). The league partners with all these organizations that have similar goals to excel and work together.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Victorian rugby league specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australia is one of the locations around the globe where rugby league has been powerful and achieved great success (Daly 2005, p.26). By 1980, the league was popular enough at the grass roots level, that it was able to expand to other regions of Australia and spread Rugby league to areas which hadn’t seen Rugby League before (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 38). This was due to the rules set that were to be followed by all t he stakeholders- to let the game expand. The league has put in place a process of solving any emerging challenges. There is also a set code of conduct that ensures uniformity and elimination of any mistreatment of the parties involved. Strengths and opportunities Weaknesses and Threats The media saw the potential in the league and more focus was put on its performance by portraying it as an inefficient business but which could be rationalized (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 28). As a result of consistent focus by the media, it led to attraction of a large number of audience (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p.123). It is also imperative to note that the Australian rugby league has developed convenient ways of communication like the one-stop shop which contains contacts, information and downloads on all the activities of the league (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p.12) Organizations like rugby unions are a threat to the league since most of the players move from the league to the union and also provide a close competition to the league. The success of a league in any sport is determined mainly by the players. The Victorian league has many talented players who come from the state and as such, there is a large pool of players who can participate in the teams. Most of them have grown into competent and dependable players across the world. Due to great talents at the disposal of the league, it is easy to constitute the strongest team possible. Just like the players, the league has many fans that strengthen it through their support, and so expansion of the game across Victoria is imperative for the growth of the Victorian rugby league (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 28). In Australia, the rugby league has played a significant role in ensuring that the game is played by all the members of the community at all age groups. The management of the league has put in place a countrywide training program for rugby players drawn from all levels (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 38) The recruitment test is relatively short and quite easy for those joining the team.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The media plays a huge part in the promotion of the sport across the state. Television rights and broadcasting at different times at night factor the wider audiences that view the sport. It looms as an opportunity for a television rights deal that has the potential to attract the millions of people across Victoria that would have otherwise not been exposed to Rugby League. The greater opportunity there is for people to view the sport, the greater the interest and support for games and participation, which would ultimately lead to a stronger league – participation wise and financially. There are many indigenous players in the national rugby league which is also one of the main objectives of the league (Daly 2005, p.36). This provides a good opportunity to expand the sport into indigenous regions in Australia, and to promote multi culture mentality and bring communities together. It has been able to address some of the community’s problems such as personal development of the young generation, by providing them with a sport that promotes exercise and allows for the social benefits of kids playing together and making friends with each other. Apart from working with community members, it has close links with some of the local organizations which are benefiting the local community (Davison Lawson 2006, p. 13). The league has promoted peace among states but racism still exists. In the process, there are those players or teams which are discriminated on the basis of their social background. This is a setback to the growth of the league although it is not widespread as it is the case in other sports (ABS 2002, p.12). There are still set objectives of the league which have not been achieved and as such, the league has to come up with guidelines on how the competitive level of the game can be improved (Davison Lawson 2006, p. 24). The governance of the league has been faced by setbacks such as the presence of administrators with state-based interests at t he expense of developing sports. This calls for an independent body which will help in strengthening the league both now and in the future. In spite of the strengths and opportunities highlighted above, there are still weaknesses and threats. For instance, discipline is a crucial element among players in any game and it is equally required in rugby. In the past, most of the Victorian league’s players have been featured in the media for the wrong reasons like lack of discipline. The Victorian league has strong traditions and cultures which compel it to resist changes and improvements that are required in the team from time to time. For example, most of the old players are retained for long not giving the young and innovative players a chance to participate as players. This issue has been a great setback to the league and has threatened its existence and success. Victoria is a state which is dominated by AFL, and by which, the Victorian rugby league is forever resisting the thr eat of losing players at the grass roots level as well as intermediate and professional level to the sporting code. This also looms as an opportunity however, to expand a sport in which Rugby League is a rare opportunity for kids in Victoria to participate a sport which is different. Conclusion and recommendations The Australian rugby league has been a success in achieving many of its goals though there are still setbacks which are impeding its growth. In terms of achievements, the league has been able to eliminate any harassment of stakeholders bearing in mind that the codes of conduct have been revised and have to be adhered to at all levels of participation. On the eradication of racism, it is has been quite a success although more emphasis on better codes of conduct are required. In addition, lack of an independent leadership system is still a setback since leaders’ decisions are based on their interests and not that of the leagues. The competition from other organization s is a threat to the league in the future. The training and performance capability of the team should be improved in order to outwit competition in both local and international matches. Due to competition, players join other organizations in search of favorable conditions. The state of losing players to other organizations can be reduced by creation of better remuneration plans for players. This will curb the challenge of losing players to other competitive leagues and teams across the board. References ABS, 2002, Social Capital and Social Wellbeing, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Sydney. Cameron, M. MacDougall, C 2000, Crime Prevention through Sport and Physical Activity, Australian Institute of Criminology, Sydney. Cortis, N., Sawrikar, P. Muir, K 2007, Participation in sport and recreation by culturally and linguistically diverse women, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Daly, S 2005, Social Capital and the Cultural Sector: Literature Review prepar ed for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, London School of Economics, London. Davison, K Lawson, C 2006, â€Å"Do attributes in the physical environment influence children’s physical activity?† International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 3 no.19, pp.1-17. Roberts, M 2008, Great Australian Sporting Moments: Great Australian Sporting Moments, Melbourne University Publishing, Melbourne. This case study on Victorian rugby league was written and submitted by user Damion Rivera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Social Interaction Problems in USA

Social Interaction Problems in USA Industrial revolution has caused major changes not only in the life style and living standards of the people but also in the realm of social interaction. These changes carry both positive and negative impacts on social interaction. For example the increase in use of mobile phone should not be seen as an enhancement to social interactions but also carries some negative attributes. It has led to nomadic intimacy and cyberspace virtual interaction. Depending on how we use them, they always carry some consequences (Andersen, Taylor 114).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Interaction Problems in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are different interaction problems that have been encountered in USA. They include; poverty, homelessness, urban crime, race and ethnicity and macro level problems. These factors have always made the relations between people become anomic. Poverty is a major factor in this case which divides people into social strata; poor or rich. According to the Census Bureau, poverty has been on the rise in the recent past where about 2.6 million people slipped into poverty (United States Conference of Mayors 22). This factor has led formation of social groups the Hispanians and the blacks, where the blacks are the most hit by poverty. In this case there is little communication between the poor and the rich. The poor retire to a culture of poverty which is passed from generation to generation thus making it hard to change. They feel negative, hopeless, inferior and powerless. Studies have revealed that poor families which experience more stress are always allied to violence in families (Bassuk et al. 25). Homelessness is another factor which has led to a series of social interaction problems. Extreme poverty leads to homelessness, and this is mostly experienced by young children. Its inception comes with health problems and poor nutrition. Although it has reduced considerab ly in many states in USA, a lasting solution is yet to be found (United States Conference of Mayors 13). 1.6 million American children or one in 45 of them are homeless in the year 2010 (Bassuk et al. 32). Forty percent of these children are age six and under. It hurts both children and other people in many ways including; brain development, stress, parenting, school readiness and health and well being. According to researchers, homeless families experience many social interaction problems as compared to stable ones (Bassuk et al. 33).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Urban crime is another major cause of social interaction problems both to the offender and the offended. These crimes include; rape, theft, robbery and murder. Victimization in USA is also a major problem which divides people into groups. Blacks are being victimized more than whites and this high rate of i ncarceration of blacks has led to social interaction problems between the two groups (Ferrante 182). The blacks’ families have fewer males who are supposed to take leadership roles. Crime rate is directly linked to drug use. Most of those people who have been found to have committed crime are drug users. Ethnicity is the classification of people into groups basing on cultural and physical characteristics while race is categorization of people basing on anatomical traits. American ethnic groups include; American Indians, Latinos, Chinese, African Americans, Hispanians and European Americans. Race and Ethnicity has affected the provision of various social services in the country (Ferrante 214). For example, there are disparities in access to health care and education. Placing people into various groups makes the social interaction across these groups impossible. As a result, problems arise. Macro level problems originate from social structure, social processes of the people and their interrelationships. For instance the industrialization effects on older people’s status (Andersen, Margaret Taylor 112). Most of the people in USA are currently working and they usually don’t have extra time for face to face socialization with their relatives. Instead, most have opted to rely on cyberspace interaction which provides them with virtual interaction. Old people and young children suffer most because they are taken to care institutions where they will not have time to interact with their relatives. Virtual interaction is a dangerous thing because they can be created imaginatively. In conclusion, the recent industrial revolution has solved some problems of social interaction and created more (Andersen, Margaret Taylor 115). Each invention has its own weaknesses and strengths.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Interaction Problems in USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Andersen , Margaret L., Taylor Howard F. Sociology: Understanding a diverse society. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2005. Bassuk, Ellen L., Murphy, Christina., Coupe, Thompson N., Kenney, Rachael R., Beach, Anne C. State report card on child homelessness: America’s youngest outcasts 2010Â  . 2011. Retrieved from National Center on Family homelessness website Ferrante, Joan. Sociology: A Global Perspective. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2012. United States Conference of Mayors (2009, December). Hunger and homelessness survey: A status report on hunger and homelessness in America’s cities: A 27-city survey. 2011.7

Intelligence Collection 2 - question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intelligence Collection 2 - question - Essay Example One example of the challenges facing the US HUMINT is the time it takes to find the hiding of Osama Bin Laden. He managed to live for a decade after he masterminded the September 11 attack. Moreover, the HUMINT forces have acted against the US government in Cuba. CIA officers sent in Cuba have allied themselves to the Cuban regime rather than carry out their mandate of espionage for the US interest. Moreover, almost no countries in the world have laws that allow other countries to find, collect and submit information to their countries. It is unlawful, and many American officers have been detained, persecuted and even killed for spying. Therefore, the danger of putting the life of soldiers in the line makes HUMINT method of collecting intelligence a difficult task for the American people. In addition, the advent of technology has eased the ways of collecting intelligence thus addressing the challenges of faced by HUMINT. Mazumdar, Keshav. "INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE: FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE ." RIEAS. http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/1719-intelligence-and-counterintelligence-first-line-of-defence-.html# (accessed June 8,