Drugs and Medicine Made From Plants

Long before pure chemicals were manufactured in labs, people used plants for medicine. There are over 100 active ingredients derived from plants for use as drugs and medicines. This is by no means a comprehensive list of all of the plants, names of chemicals, or uses for those chemicals, but it should serve as a useful starting point for further research. The common name of a plant is noted next to its scientific name. Common names are imprecise and often assigned to completely different plants, so use the scientific name when looking for additional information concerning a plant. List of Drugs From Plants Drug/Chemical Action Plant Source Acetyldigoxin Cardiotonic Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove, woolly foxglove) Adoniside Cardiotonic Adonis vernalis (pheasant's eye, red chamomile) Aescin Antiinflammatory Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) Aesculetin Antidysentery Frazinus rhychophylla Agrimophol Anthelmintic Agrimonia supatoria Ajmalicine Treatment for circulatory disorders Rauvolfia sepentina Allantoin Vulnerary Several plants Allyl isothiocyanate Rubefacient Brassica nigra (black mustard) Anabesine Skeletal muscle relaxant Anabasis sphylla Andrographolide Treatment for baccillary dysentery Andrographis paniculata Anisodamine Anticholinergic Anisodus tanguticus Anisodine Anticholinergic Anisodus tanguticus Arecoline Anthelmintic Areca catechu (betel nut palm) Asiaticoside Vulnerary Centella asiatica (gotu cola) Atropine Anticholinergic Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) Benzyl benzoate Scabicide Several plants Berberine Treatment for bacillary dysentery Berberis vulgaris (common barberry) Bergenin Antitussive Ardisia japonica (marlberry) Betulinic acid Anticancerous Betula alba (common birch) Borneol Antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory Several plants Bromelain Antiinflammatory, proteolytic Ananas comosus (pineapple) Caffeine CNS stimulant Camellia sinensis (tea, also coffee, cocoa and other plants) Camphor Rubefacient Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) Camptothecin Anticancerous Camptotheca acuminata (+)-Catechin Hemostatic Potentilla fragarioides Chymopapain Proteolytic, mucolytic Carica papaya (papaya) Cissampeline Skeletal muscle relaxant Cissampelos pareira (velvet leaf) Cocaine Local anaesthetic Erythroxylum coca (coca plant) Codeine Analgesic, antitussive Papaver somniferum (poppy) Colchiceine amide Antitumor agent Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus) Colchicine Antitumor, antigout Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus) Convallatoxin Cardiotonic Convallaria majalis (lily-of-the-valley) Curcumin Choleretic Curcuma longa (turmeric) Cynarin Choleretic Cynara scolymus (artichoke) Danthron Laxative Cassia species Demecolcine Antitumor agent Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus) Deserpidine Antihypertensive, tranquilizer Rauvolfia canescens Deslanoside Cardiotonic Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove, woolly foxglove) L-Dopa Anti-parkinsonism Mucuna species (nescafe, cowage, velvetbean) Digitalin Cardiotonic Digitalis purpurea (purple foxglove) Digitoxin Cardiotonic Digitalis purpurea (purple foxglove) Digoxin Cardiotonic Digitalis purpurea (purple or common foxglove) Emetine Amoebicide, emetic Cephaelis ipecacuanha Ephedrine Sympathomimetic, antihistamine Ephedra sinica (ephedra, ma huang) Etoposide Antitumor agent Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple) Galanthamine Cholinesterase inhibitor Lycoris squamigera (magic lily, resurrection lily, naked lady) Gitalin Cardiotonic Digitalis purpurea (purple or common foxglove) Glaucarubin Amoebicide Simarouba glauca (paradise tree) Glaucine Antitussive Glaucium flavum (yellow hornpoppy, horned poppy, sea poppy) Glasiovine Antidepressant Octea glaziovii Glycyrrhizin Sweetener, treatment for Addison's disease Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) Gossypol Male contraceptive Gossypium species (cotton) Hemsleyadin Treatment for bacillary dysentery Hemsleya amabilis Hesperidin Treatment for capillary fragility Citrus species (e.g., oranges) Hydrastine Hemostatic, astringent Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) Hyoscyamine Anticholinergic Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane, stinking nightshade, henpin) Irinotecan Anticancer, antitumor agent Camptotheca acuminata Kaibic acud Ascaricide Digenea simplex (wireweed) Kawain Tranquilizer Piper methysticum (kava kava) Kheltin Bronchodilator Ammi visaga Lanatosides A, B, C Cardiotonic Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove, woolly foxglove) Lapachol Anticancer, antitumor Tabebuia species (trumpet tree) a-Lobeline Smoking deterrant, respiratory stimulant Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) Menthol Rubefacient Mentha species (mint) Methyl salicylate Rubefacient Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen) Monocrotaline Topical antitumor agent Crotalaria sessiliflora Morphine Analgesic Papaver somniferum (poppy) Neoandrographolide Treatment of dysentery Andrographis paniculata Nicotine Insecticide Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid Antioxidant Larrea divaricata (creosote bush) Noscapine Antitussive Papaver somniferum (poppy) Ouabain Cardiotonic Strophanthus gratus (ouabain tree) Pachycarpine Oxytocic Sophora pschycarpa Palmatine Antipyretic, detoxicant Coptis japonica (Chinese goldenthread, goldthread, Huang-Lia) Papain Proteolytic, mucolytic Carica papaya (papaya) Papavarine Smooth muscle relaxant Papaver somniferum (opium poppy, common poppy) Phyllodulcin Sweetener Hydrangea macrophylla (bigleaf hydrangea, French hydrangea) Physostigmine Cholinesterase inhibitor Physostigma venenosum (Calabar bean) Picrotoxin Analeptic Anamirta cocculus (fish berry) Pilocarpine Parasympathomimetic Pilocarpus jaborandi (jaborandi, Indian hemp) Pinitol Expectorant Several plants (e.g., bougainvillea) Podophyllotoxin Antitumor, anticancer agent Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple) Protoveratrines A, B Antihypertensives Veratrum album (white false hellebore) Pseudoephredrine Sympathomimetic Ephedra sinica (ephedra, ma huang) nor-pseudoephedrine Sympathomimetic Ephedra sinica (ephedra, ma huang) Quinidine Antiarrhythmic Cinchona ledgeriana (quinine tree) Quinine Antimalarial, antipyretic Cinchona ledgeriana (quinine tree) Qulsqualic acid Anthelmintic Quisqualis indica (Rangoon creeper, drunken sailor) Rescinnamine Antihypertensive, tranquilizer Rauvolfia serpentina Reserpine Antihypertensive, tranquilizer Rauvolfia serpentina Rhomitoxin Antihypertensive, tranquilizer Rhododendron molle (rhododendron) Rorifone Antitussive Rorippa indica Rotenone Piscicide, Insecticide Lonchocarpus nicou Rotundine Analagesic, sedative, traquilizer Stephania sinica Rutin Treatment for capillary fragility Citrus species (e.g., orange, grapefruit) Salicin Analgesic Salix alba (white willow) Sanguinarine Dental plaque inhibitor Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) Santonin Ascaricide Artemisia maritma (wormwood) Scillarin A Cardiotonic Urginea maritima (squill) Scopolamine Sedative Datura species (e.g., Jimsonweed) Sennosides A, B Laxative Cassia species (cinnamon) Silymarin Antihepatotoxic Silybum marianum (milk thistle) Sparteine Oxytocic Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom) Stevioside Sweetener Stevia rebaudiana (stevia) Strychnine CNS stimulant Strychnos nux-vomica (poison nut tree) Taxol Antitumor agent Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) Teniposide Antitumor agent Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple or mandrake) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Antiemetic, decreases occular tension Cannabis sativa (marijuana) Tetrahydropalmatine Analgesic, sedative, tranquilizer Corydalis ambigua Tetrandrine Antihypertensive Stephania tetrandra Theobromine Diuretic, vasodilator Theobroma cacao (cocoa) Theophylline Diuretic, bronchodilator Theobroma cacao and others (cocoa, tea) Thymol Topical antifungal Thymus vulgaris (thyme) Topotecan Antitumor, anticancer agent Camptotheca acuminata Trichosanthin Abortifacient Trichosanthes kirilowii (snake gourd) Tubocurarine Skeletal muscle relaxant Chondodendron tomentosum (curare vine) Valapotriates Sedative Valeriana officinalis (valerian) Vasicine Cerebral stimulant Vinca minor (periwinkle) Vinblastine Antitumor, Antileukemic agent Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) Vincristine Antitumor, Antileukemic agent Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) Yohimbine Aphrodisiac Pausinystalia yohimbe (yohimbe) Yuanhuacine Abortifacient Daphne genkwa (lilac) Yuanhuadine Abortifacient Daphne genkwa (lilac) Source Taylor, Leslie.  Plant Based Drugs and Medicines.  Square One Publishers, 2000, Garden City Park, N.Y.

The First Style Of Leadership Communication - 2265 Words

According to Hackman and Johnson, (2013) â€Å"Leadership is human (symbolic) communication that modifies the attitudes and behaviors of others to meet shared group goals and needs.† In my life I have had two careers, first I was a waitress and had a boss named Sandra’s, and the last job I was a para-educator with two different classrooms and teachers who were in charge of me. My experiences with each leader was very different based on the way each of them communicated. Leaders can have contrasting styles of leadership communication including authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire (Hackman, Johnson, 2013). Authoritarian The first style of leadership communication I will discuss is authoritarian. A leader that has the authoritarian approach to communication is tough when managing work tactics, and attitudes. The Authoritarian will be close by watching the employee but will have a separation between themselves and the worker. The reason they separate themselves is to show who the boss is and who the employee is. Research has found that Authoritarian communication among leaders will cause employees to feel alone and their work will become ineffective. However, studies have also found that this approach is great for getting things done or completed but the workers will feel unsatisfied and less dedicated to the job (Hackman, Johnson, 2013). My experience with a leader that had Authoritarian style communication was the job I had as a waitress. My boss Sandra’s was alwaysShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership And The Quality Of Lateral Communication Within Healthcare932 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Style Leaders have a profound effect on employee performance because they shape workers’ perceptions of the working environment. Consequently, some leadership styles are more effective with meeting particular objectives. 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The leadership styles include: Directing (high directive-low supportive), Coaching (high directive-high supportive)

Teacher free essay sample

Running head: FINDING THE LEADER IN YOU Assignment 1: Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment / Johari Window Paper Submitted to Instructor: Dr. G. Reeley BUS520037VA016-1134-001  Leadership and Organizational Annette West Strayer University April 27, 2013 Assignment 1: Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment / Johari Window A Paper In order to become more informed about specific leadership styles that are commonly used in an organization, the Wiley Schermerhorn: Management Self-Assessment tool was utilized to assist in defining areas of strength. With the information provided and the assessment results obtained, there was an easy comprehensive interpretation of what the results meant. Table 1 provides the Profile of Personality Characteristics and Assessment Results. This information assists in determining how personality characteristics help shape how we lead in organizations. Table 1 Personality Characteristics| Assessment Results| 21st Century Manager| 8. 5| Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership| 2426| Intuitive Ability| 7| Organizational Design Preference| 1=†the baseball team†2=†the club†3=†the fortress†4=†the academy†| Along with the assessment results, the Wiley Schermerhorn tool was able to provide a summarized interpretation of what the scored results represented. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the scores from the 21st Century Manager domain, it determined that the score of 8. 5 is a good starting point as I consider where and how to further pursue the development of your management skills and competencies. My success will rest on (1) an initial awareness of the importance of these basic management foundations and (2) a willingness to trive continually to strengthen them throughout the work career. In reviewing Transformational and Transactional Leadership characteristics, the score 24 and 26, respectively, describes a leader/manager that is able to inspire its members to â€Å"buy-in† to the vision and mission of the organizational. Even though both leadership characteristics are needed and must be used in most environments, the Transactional leadership prototype appears to be the one identified to be strongest style of the two identified in my assessment. Throughout my own career choices, I believe that I’ve learned to employ this style because as a public education teacher we have always had a teacher’s union to ensure that we receive â€Å"exchanges† for our commitment to the District. Hollander (1978) states that transactional leadership is formulated on the expectation that there is an â€Å"exchange† between the whoever is in charge and those that work for that individual, meaning that those who work for the person in charge receive some form of compensation for completing required tasks. It is my desire to embrace the ability to use a Transformational style to compel individuals to go beyond the basic level of their responsibilities. (Howell amp; Frost, 1989). In my current position, I have found that employees are staying with our organization â€Å"not just because they are being paid for their work but because they have the need to supply a need to its clientele and also to feel like they are making a difference. The assessment score of 7 was obtained in the area of Intuitive Abilities. According to the interpretation summary given, it appears as if I continue to utilize â€Å"traditional analytical techniques† to make decisions (Agor, 1989). In his book titled â€Å"Intuition in Organization,† Agor (1989), states that in order to be successful in the future one must began to prepare themselves to use more intuitive skills in decision making. The scoring in this area does not surprise me coming from a classroom environment to a leadership position now where I am forced to make decisions quickly while keeping in mind how it effects the whole organization. It future goes to explain some of the struggles that I have with managing larger and older groups of individuals. The skills exist within but I must place closer attention on making sure that I work to develop those skills. According to Veiga amp; Yanouzas,  (1979), the focus on Organizational Design Preferences should be to assist in determining how decisions are made about grouping people and how to place them in the best environment so that individuals are successful. In the area of Organizational Design Preference, my score was a 71 which meant that I was more comfortable with a â€Å"mechanistic design†. References Agor, W. (1989c). Intuition in organizations: Leading and managing productively. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Hollander, E. New York: Free Press; 1978. Leadership Dynamics. Howell JM, Frost PJ. A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1989; 43:243–269. Veiga, JF, Yanouzas, JN. ,  The Dynamics of Organization Theory: Gaining a Macro Perspective  (St. Paul, MN: West, 1979), pp. 158-160 Appendix Submitted and Completed Self-Assessment Score Sheet .

Titan was born in one of the remote areas of Pieve di Gadore Essays

Titan was born in one of the remote areas of Pieve di Gadore , however, he grow to work in Venice. He picked up quickly and become one of the dominant painters, if not the dominant painter of Europe. His oil paintings were the most sort after especially by the courtly and aristocratic patrons. His paintings were considered to be more naturalistic by the art theorists and hence of low perfection in design than the works from Rome and Florence. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, his works began to be appreciated up to the current time where the current scholars have intensified this contextual works. The intertwined possession themes of a beautiful woman and her image creation permeated the conception of female art by the renaissance. As the old thoughts always asserted that anyone who depicts a beautiful woman will always deserve her, the people of the renaissance may like to transfer these assertions to the art maker. This being the people's notion, there are many questions which are raised from this. Taking this into account we take this to the paragon extent between Titans and Michelangelo. In renaissance times, the beauty of any female was the lodestone of aesthetics, inspire of the male being taken to be the norm and the female an aberration. The Titan's woman picture can not only be used to portray his artistic gift but also can be seen as his booster to his rivals of all times. In his competition with his most contemporary rival, Michelangelo, titans uses this artwork to assert of his superiority and his primacy of sculpture paintings of colorito over design and feminine over masculine. The two, Michelangelo and Titan, came to confrontations of the diseno i.e the design and colorito for themselves. Michelangelo tried to make his name by the heroic men like that of David while Titan made reference to the female subject along with their style. Michelangelo shown the inability of the Venetian to draw and equated their disadvantages to their focus on femininity. In his evaluation of the Michelangelo artworks, Aretino allusion that he is more than a angel Devine, shows his promotion of Michelangelo angelic status which were conferred by Aristotle. Top of Form Bottom of Form

Crystal Flower - How to Crystallize a Real Flower

Crystal Flower - How to Crystallize a Real Flower Heres how to crystallize a real flower to make a beautiful decoration. Crystal Flower Materials You can do this project with any type of real (or fake) flower. Flowers with strong stems, like this thistle, work very well because the stem can support the weight of the crystals. If you use a fragile flower or a seed head, you may wire the stem or support it with a pipecleaner to help it support the weight. The crystals will absorb pigment from the flowers, producing a pastel tint, or you can add food coloring to the solution to color the flowers. Real flowerBoraxHot waterFood coloring (optional) What To Do Find a cup or jar large enough to hold the flower.Pour boiling water into the cup.Stir in borax until it stops dissolving. Add food coloring, if desired.Place the flower in the cup. You can tie a string to the stem of the flower and hang it in the cup from a pencil if you are concerned about crystals sticking the flower to the cup, but it isnt usually a big deal.Let the crystals grow for a few hours to overnight, depending on how thick you want the crystals to be.Remove the flower from the cup and gently place it on a paper towel to dry.You can place the flower in a vase to display it. Edible Crystal Flower If you substitute sugar or even salt, you can made an edible crystal flower. The principal is the same, but the crystals typically require a day or longer to grow. To get sugar crystals on a flower, add as much sugar as will dissolve in boiling hot water. Feel free to add food coloring or even a drop or two of flavoring. Let the solution cool to near room temperature before adding the flower. Place the container in a quiet location. You may need to break a top crust off the solution and occasionally move the flower to keep it from sticking to the sides or bottom of the container. You could suspend the flower in the liquid by tying it to a pencil or butter knife laid across the top of the container. The sugar solution is much thicker (syrupy) than the borax solution, so its best to attempt this project after youve mastered easier-to-grow crystals. Learn More Make a Glow in the Dark FlowerBorax Crystal SnowflakeMake Colored Flowers

Individual project 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual project 4 - Essay Example Organizational structures or models can be described as the ways through which a particular organization organizes the workforce and duties or tasks so as to remain functional thus attains her set goals. The application of the business models is dependent on the size of the work group and the size of the organization. In small organization characterized with small work groups the models are not pallid, however, in large organization the use of these structures is a must due to the existence of varied task delegations. Factors such as business employee size, revenue, geographical dispersion and the range of the business are the one's determinants of a business structure. This paper describes the various types of business models that are commonly applied by the international businesses, the reasons for their application, advantages and disadvantages of each business model. The company on which the paper lays focus on is Coca-cola, a beverage manufacturing company worldwide. Thesis Stat ement For gaining competitive advantage in the global arena organization are sourcing for talent, goods and services from other organizations. ... Each of them is described below. Global Product model Global product or product development refers to means used by an organization in maximizing her financial and operational productivity of the process itself. According to PTC white paper it involves spreading of product development activities in various regions worldwide in order to improve on the value-added cost. These activities run from marketing activities to activities such as design, analysis and new idea generation. A large and diversified company like Cadbury is organized according to the products. Here, all activities pertaining production and marketing of a product or groups of the same product are put in the same group where the top most manager of the product group is bestowed with autonomy over the operation. This means that all the personnel in the group have ample time to fully attend to their particular product line needs, hence, expertise in the line’s development, production and distribution. In an effort to safeguard the process from unnecessary disruption the Cadbury allow for evolution of different units or product lines moving from one level to another towards global market distribution and finding balance between cost and added value. At level 1 there is no product development activity distribution, at level 2 some elements of product distribution is achieved but no strategy, at level 3 strategies for global product distributing are put in place with discrete supportive activities. At the fourth level the company out aggression identifies the particular sets and accompanied responsibilities to offshore Markets. Cadbury Egypt does the same for her chocolate bars by producing then sending

Pursuing a PhD Degree in the Information Technology Field Essay

Pursuing a PhD Degree in the Information Technology Field - Essay Example I am prepared to take the next step, in order to fulfill my need to better myself. A part of me wants the Ph.D. because it is the highest degree obtainable. I thought having a Masters would satisfy my need to be the best, but that was not to be. I now know that having a Ph.D. is the real pinnacle of academic success. Having a prestigious degree will take me to the next level in my professional and academic career. One of my life goals is to leave the next generation with a belief there is no substitute for hard work and education. Lifelong learning enriches our lives and the lives of those around us. There is so much to learn, but so little time to learn and share knowledge. I have been furthering my education most of my adult life. I have been working as a technologist for more than ten years. In that time I have had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with many outstanding instructors and mentors. One such mentor is a co-worker who has an uncanny capacity to not only understand complex issues but the ability to share with me the complex solutions. I credit his mentoring with teaching me that having the answers is only part of the equation. The lesson learned from this mentorship impacted the way I now interact with students in my online classes and when interacting with other IT professionals. In reflection, I would credit the way in which my partner did not judge my lack of talent, but took a genuine interest in my future success as an IT professional. Anyone else might have seen my lack of expertise as a sign of weakness and exploited me to advance their career, but his patience carried me through. The positive impact that my co-worker had on my life, allowed my IT career to flourish. This taught me a valuable lesson on what it takes to be a mentor to someone who has the potential of becoming an information technologist As a networking consultant, how I explain technology to a customer is often the difference between getting to the next  level and not getting anywhere at all.   Being an online instructor is much the same way.   Both come down to being a good mentor.